Comparación de ciberacoso y autoeficacia en redes sociales: Ciudad de México y Estado de México.

The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of cyberbullying, the type of responses to it, as well as knowledge and self-efficacy in the use of social networks in young people from Mexico City and the State of Mexico. The sample comprised 1673 students of both sexes between 14 and 20 years old (862 participants from Mexico City and 811 from the State of Mexico). We performed descriptive analyses and X2 tests. The results showed a significant difference between the frequency of cyberbullying and the level of young people's knowledge. The latter variable was higher in Mexico City than in the State of Mexico. However, participants from the State of Mexico scored higher than those from Mexico City in the way they respond to cyberbullying (assertive and empathetic) and in self-efficacy. More research on this issue is needed given the scarcity of statistics and information on this topic in MexicoEl objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la frecuencia con la que se presenta el ciberacoso, el tipo de respuestas ante él, así como el conocimiento y autoeficacia para el uso de redes sociales en jóvenes de la Ciudad de México y del Estado de México. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1673 alumnos de ambos sexos (862 de la Ciudad de México y 811 del Estado de México) de entre 14 y 20 años. Se realizaron análisis de frecuencias y la prueba χ2. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre la frecuencia en la que se presentó el ciberacoso y los conocimientos que poseen los jóvenes entre las dos entidades federativas, siendo más elevado en la Ciudad de México en comparación con el Estado de México. Sin embargo, en la forma en que los jóvenes responden al ciberacoso (asertiva y empática) y en autoeficacia la diferencia es contraria, es decir, el Estado de México puntúa mayor que la Ciudad de México. Finalmente, se concluye que se deben realizar más investigaciones de esta índole debido a que existe una escasa información acerca del ciberacoso en México

Escala de aprendizaje autogestivo en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Psicología de un sistema en línea (Scale of self-management learning in university students of the career of Psychology of an online system)

LEl objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar y validar una escala de aprendizaje autogestivo en estudiantes universitarios de un sistema en línea. Para ello se utilizó un diseño instrumental dividido en dos fases, en la primera fase se evalúo a 149 estudiantes universitarios de la modalidad en línea, a través de la estrategia de redes semánticas naturales modificadas, para conocer el significado psicológico de los estímulos presentados, las palabras definidoras más recurrentes fueron: organización, autodidacta, compromiso, satisfacción, responsabilidad; que sirvieron como base para diseñar la propuesta de un instrumento con el propósito de evaluar el aprendizaje autogestivo en una escala tipo Likert con cinco opciones de respuesta. En la segunda fase, participaron 929 estudiantes universitarios de un sistema en línea, a quienes se aplicó la propuesta y se obtuvieron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala

Antibacterial Nanostructured Ti Coatings by Magnetron Sputtering: From Laboratory Scales to Industrial Reactors

Based on an already tested laboratory procedure, a new magnetron sputtering methodology to simultaneously coat two-sides of large area implants (up to ~15 cm2) with Ti nanocolumns in industrial reactors has been developed. By analyzing the required growth conditions in a laboratory setup, a new geometry and methodology have been proposed and tested in a semi-industrial scale reactor. A bone plate (DePuy Synthes) and a pseudo-rectangular bone plate extracted from a patient were coated following the new methodology, obtaining that their osteoblast proliferation efficiency and antibacterial functionality were equivalent to the coatings grown in the laboratory reactor on small areas. In particular, two kinds of experiments were performed: Analysis of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and osteoblasts–bacteria competitive in vitro growth scenarios. In all these cases, the coatings show an opposite behavior toward osteoblast and bacterial proliferation, demonstrating that the proposed methodology represents a valid approach for industrial production and practical application of nanostructured titanium coatings.EU-FEDER and the MINECO-AEI 201560E055EU-FEDER and the MINECO-AEI MAT2014-59772-C2-1-PEU-FEDER and the MINECO-AEI MAT2016-75611-REU-FEDER and the MINECO-AEI MAT2016-79866-REU-FEDER and the MINECO-AEI MAT2015-69035-REDCUniversity of Seville (Spain) V and VI PPIT-USMINECO CSIC13-4E-179

Contraste de Estudiantes Universitarios Presenciales y en Línea en un Curso Autogestivo: el Papel de la Autoeficacia y la Motivación

Ante el auge de cursos en línea autogestivos y masivos, se ha revelado la necesidad de evaluar e identificar las habilidades de los estudiantes que retoman este tipo de opciones educativas para actualizarse o formarse. La evidencia empírica coincide en que las habilidades de autorregulación, la percepción de autoeficacia y la motivación son factores indispensables en los estudiantes, sobre todo en aquellos que ya han estudiado bajo esta modalidad y han terminado exitosamente; por ello es que el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar si existen diferencias en las habilidades antes mencionadas en estudiantes que provienen de un sistema en línea o de un sistema presencial al participar en un curso en línea autogestivo. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, comparativo, transversal, con un muestreo no aleatorio de tipo voluntario en el que participaron 80 estudiantes de la licenciatura en psicología y a los que se les aplicó la Escala de Autopercepción de la Motivación Académica Personal, así como la Escala sobre Autoeficacia y Autorregulación. Los resultados del análisis estadístico T- Student muestran diferencias significativas en algunas de las escalas de los instrumentos aplicados. Los estudiantes que provenían del sistema a distancia presentaron mayores puntajes en las estrategias de autorregulación relacionadas con el esfuerzo diario, la verificación de las acciones de aprendizaje efectivas y el procesamiento activo de la información. Al comparar los resultados entre estudiantes

Growth of nanocolumnar thin films on patterned substrates at oblique angles

The influence of one dimensional substrate patterns on the nanocolumnar growth of thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering at oblique angles is theoretically and experimentally studied. A well‐established growth model has been used to study the interplay between the substrate topography and the thin film morphology. A critical thickness has been defined, below which the columnar growth is modulated by the substrate topography, while for thicknesses above, the impact of substrate features is progressively lost in two stages; first columns grown on taller features take over neighboring ones, and later the film morphology evolves independently of substrate features. These results have been experimentally tested by analyzing the nanocolumnar growth of SiO2 thin films on ion‐induced patterned substrates.University of Seville: V PPIUSUniversity of Seville: VI PPIT-USEuropean Development Funds program (EU-FEDER) / Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) : MAT2013-40852-REuropean Development Funds program (EU-FEDER) / Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) : MAT2016- 79866-REuropean Development Funds program (EU-FEDER) / Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) : MAT2015-69035-REuropean Development Funds program (EU-FEDER) / Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) : MAT2015-69035-REDCEuropean Development Funds program (EU-FEDER) / Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) : MAT2017-85089-C2-1- RComunidad Autónoma de Madrid S2013/MIT-3029Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid IND2017/IND766

Thin film nanostructuring at oblique angles by substrate patterning

It is demonstrated that, besides classical nanocolumnar arrays, the oblique angle geometry induces the growth of singular structures in the nanoscale when using wisely designed patterned substrates. Well-ordered array of crosses, cylindrical nanorods or hole structures arranged in square or hexagonal regular geometries are reported as examples, among others. The fundamental framework connecting substrate topography and film growth at oblique angles is presented, allowing the use of substrate patterning as a feasible thin film nanostructuring technique. A systematic analysis of the growth of TiO2 thin films on 4 different lithographic patterned substrates in 4 different scale lengths is also presented. A first conclusion is the existence of a height-based selective growth in the initial stages of the deposition, by which the film preferentially develops on top of the tallest substrate features. This behavior is maintained until the film reaches a critical thickness, the so-called Oblivion Thickness, above which the film topography becomes gradually independent of the substrate features. A general formula relating the spatial features of the pattern, the coarsening exponent and the Oblivion Thickness has been deduced.MCIN/AEI/and FEDER project PID2019-110430GB-C21MCIN/AEI/ and FEDER project PID2020-112620GB-I00MCIN/AEI/ and FEDER project PID2020-114270RA-I00MCIN/AEI/ and FEDER project RTI2018-098117-B-C21Junta de Andalucía PAIDI-2020 project P18-RT-3480Junta de Andalucía PAIDI-2020 project P18-RT-6079University of Seville VI PPIT-U

Nanocolumnar coatings on implants exhibiting antibacterial properties

Trabajo presentado en la 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials Applied to Life Sciences 2020 (NALS 2020), celebrada en Madrid (España), del 29 al 31 de enero de 2020Addressing the problem of infection from the very first stage, i.e. inhibiting the formation of the bacterial biofilm, is a crucial step to prevent implant rejection. Nanocolumnar coatings exhibiting antibacterial properties have been fabricated by oblique deposition with magnetron sputtering [1]. The formation of nanocolumns (Fig.1) is the result of the effects of atomic shadowing when the atoms reach the surface along an inclined direction [2]. This technique is environmentally friendly: it is carried out at RT and does not involve chemical products (no recycling problems). Such methodology have been tested in a semiindustrial scale reactor, successfully coating in a single step the two sides of fixation plates for bone fractures [3]. Several in vitro experiments have been performed: analysis of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, analysis of osteoblast proliferation and mitochondrial activity, and osteoblasts–bacteria competitive growth scenarios, the latter also named “Race for the Surface” competition. In all these cases, the coatings show an opposite behavior toward osteoblast and bacterial proliferation [1,3]. Moreover, they are effective against Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli) bacteria [4]. Finally, when a synergic route is followed and the coatings are functionalized with Te nanorods, the antibacterial properties are enhanced, since Te adds contact-killing (Fig. 2), i.e. bactericidal effect, whilst the biocompatibility is preserved [4].MINECO and Fundación Domingo Martínez for funding. J.M.G.-M. thanks the Fulbright Commissio

Thin film nanostructuring at oblique angles by substrate patterning

It is demonstrated that, besides classical nanocolumnar arrays, the oblique angle geometry induces the growth of singular structures in the nanoscale when using wisely designed patterned substrates. Well-ordered array of crosses, cylindrical nanorods or hole structures arranged in square or hexagonal regular geometries are reported as examples, among others. The fundamental framework connecting substrate topography and film growth at oblique angles is presented, allowing the use of substrate patterning as a feasible thin film nanostructuring technique. A systematic analysis of the growth of TiO2 thin films on 4 different lithographic patterned substrates in 4 different scale lengths is also presented. A first conclusion is the existence of a height-based selective growth in the initial stages of the deposition, by which the film preferentially develops on top of the tallest substrate features. This behavior is maintained until the film reaches a critical thickness, the so-called Oblivion Thickness, above which the film topography becomes gradually independent of the substrate features. A general formula relating the spatial features of the pattern, the coarsening exponent and the Oblivion Thickness has been deduced.The authors thank the financial support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 projects PID2019-110430GB-C21, PID2020-112620GBI00, PID2020-114270RA-I00 and RTI2018-098117-B-C21 (also financed by FEDER Una manera de hacer europa), the Junta de Andalucía (PAIDI- 2020 through projects P18-RT-3480 and P18-RT-6079, and through its 2019 PhD Researcher Hiring Program), the CSIC (2019AEP161 and 201860E050), the Regional Government of Madrid (project IND2017/ IND-7668 and YEI contract PEJ-2019-AI/IND-14451 with support from FSE), the H2020-EU.1.2.1-FET OPEN program (grant 899352, project SOUNDofICE, and the EFRE Infra-Pro project ChAMP), and the University of Seville (VI PPIT-US). The work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant Scha 632/24, “Tailored Disorder” and Scha 632/27, “DFGGer ¨atezentrum”). This work is also supported by the free state of Thuringia under grants 2015 FGI 0025 305 (FastμXRD) and B715-10009 (BioMacroNano2020), all co-financed by the European Union within the framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The service from the MiNa Laboratory at IMN-CNM (CSIC), funded from CM (project S2018/NMT-4291 TEC2SPACE), MINECO (project CSIC13-4E- 1794) and EU (FEDER, FSE), is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Antibacterial Nanostructured Ti Coatings by Magnetron Sputtering: from Laboratory Scales to Industrial Reactors

Based on an already tested laboratory procedure, a new magnetron sputtering methodology to simultaneously coat two-sides of large area implants (up to ~15 cm2) with Ti nanocolumns in industrial reactors has been developed. By analyzing the required growth conditions in a laboratory setup, a new geometry and methodology have been proposed and tested in a semi-industrial scale reactor. A bone plate (Depuy Synthes) and a pseudo-rectangular bone plate extracted from a patient have been coated following the new methodology, obtaining that their osteoblast proliferation efficiency and antibacterial functionality were equivalent to the coatings grown in the laboratory reactor on small areas. In particular, two kinds of experiments have been performed: analysis of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and osteoblasts-bacteria competitive in vitro growth scenarios. In all these cases, the coatings show an opposite behavior towards osteoblast and bacterial proliferation, demonstrating that the proposed methodology represents a valid approach for industrial production and practical application of nanostructured titanium coatings

Nanoestructuración a la Carta de Películas Delgadas en Geometría de Ángulo Oblicuo Mediante el Control Topográfico del Sustrato

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso Nacional de Materiales CNMAT 2022, celebrado en Ciudad Real (España), del 28 de junio al 1 de julio de 2022La técnica de pulverización catódica operada en geometría de ángulo oblicuo es bien conocida por permitir el crecimiento de películas delgadas nanocolumnares sobre sustratos planos. En otro tipo de sustratos, e.g. rugosos o litografiados, la casuística es variada, apareciendo estructuras complejas y diversas, incluso para espesores del orden de la micra. Estos resultados sugieren la existencia de una fuerte conexión entre el crecimiento de la película y la topografía del sustrato, que podría utilizarse para obtener un mayor control nanoestructural. En esta presentación se analiza teórica y experimentalmente la relación entre ambos aspectos al utilizar la técnica de pulverización catódica a ángulo oblicuo. Se demuestra la posibilidad de crecer estructuras singulares como, por ejemplo, cruces nanopilares o incluso de huecos dentro de una matriz compacta, ordenados de acuerdo a un patrón regular con distancias típicas del orden de cientos de nanómetros (ver Figura 1). Se describe, por lo tanto, el marco conceptual que permitiría que las técnicas actuales de litografía superficial se puedan utilizar como técnicas efectivas de control nanoestructural de películas delgadas. Como resultado, se demuestran varios principios que definen los diferentes estadios de la deposición que servirían como guías para el diseño inteligente del sustrato e inducir crecimientos a la carta. Estos principios se han validado experimentalmente al crecer diferentes películas delgadas sobre un total de 16 sustratos litografiados con diferentes topografías, patrones y escalas típicas por debajo de la micra, así como en otros sustratos con rugosidad intrínseca sometidos a diferentes tipos de pulido